Commentary and Study



General Resources for Galatians

Introductions, Overviews & General Resources:

Commentary, Exegesis, Studies

Articles and Background


Commentary on Chapter One
  • Commentary, Galatians 1:1-12, Audrey West, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2013."Paul's gospel message to the Galatians -- the gospel that he received in a revelation from God -- was not a proclamation of rules that would buy his churches entry into the family of God, but a proclamation of what God has already accomplished in Jesus Christ and continues to accomplish today."
  • "No Other Gospel," Dan Clendenin, Journey with Jesus, 2016.
  • The Center for Excellence in Preaching, resources from Calvin Theological Seminary: Comments & Observations, Textual Points, Illustration Ideas, 2016.
  • Pulpit Fiction, with podcast. Reflections of lectionary text, pop culture, current events, etc. Robb Mc Coy and Eric Fistler, 2016.
  • Commentary, Galatians 1:1-12, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2013."If the resurrection of Jesus is the beginning of a whole new age, if creation has crossed over those spikes in the rental car lot, as it were, it is foolish and dangerous to try to back up."
  • The NEW Politics of Galatians 1:1-11, Tom Williams, Political Theology, 2013."As we converse with the scriptures our goal is hospitality, but hospitality cannot ignore the danger of past ideas, practices, and/or beliefs which need be left behind."
  • Galatians 1:1-10, Opportunity to Do Good: The Letter to the Galatians, Craig Koester, Word & World Texts in Context, Luther Northwestern Theological Seminary, 1989.
  • "The Mystery of Vocation," study guide, Robert B. Kruschwitz, (other resources at) "Inklings of Glory," Christian Reflection, The Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University, 2004.
  • "A Servant of Christ," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources.
  • "Some Wrong Reasons to Serve God," Thomas F. Fischer, Ministry Health.
  • "Giving Up the Gospel (Galatians 1:1-9)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • "Was Paul a Man-Pleaser? (Galatians 1:10 - 2:10)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • Commentary, Galatians 1:11-24, Audrey West
  • "Changed Hearts (and minds)," Melissa Bane Sevier, Contemplative Viewfinder, 2016.
  • "When have our minds and hearts been changed—through experiences, listening to people who are very different from us?"
  • Pulpit Fiction, with podcast. Reflections of lectionary text, pop culture, current events, etc. Robb Mc Coy and Eric Fistler, 2016.
  • Commentary, Galatians 1:11-24, Jamie Clark Soles, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2010.
  • How Free Is Your Grace? Andrew Prior, 2013.
  • "First Thoughts on Year C Epistle Passages in the Lectionary," Pentecost 3, William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia.
  • "So convinced is he that faith sets people free and that this has a transforming effect which goes far beyond what meticulous observance of laws, including biblical laws, can achieve, he will go on to speak of love not as a reason to keep rules, but as a fruit of the Spirit (5:1, 22-23)."
  • "Paul's 'Previous Way of Life': From Violent Aggression to Indiscriminate Love,"The Journey with Jesus: Notes to Myself, Daniel B. Clendenin, Journey with Jesus Foundation.
  • "What has been your experience of religious violence, whether physical, verbal, political or psychological?"
  • Galatians 1:11-21, Opportunity to Do Good: The Letter to the Galatians, Craig Koester, Word & World Texts in Context, Luther Northwestern Theological Seminary, 1989.
  • "The Call of the Apostle Paul," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources. Includes detailed textual notes.
  • Kairos CoMotion Lectionary Discussion, Galatians 1:11-24, Wesley White. "A place of conversation regarding Progressive Christianity."
  • "Was Paul a Man-Pleaser? (Galatians 1:10 - 2:10)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh
  • "Paul - an Obituary," Gerd Ludemann, Bible and Interpretation.
  • "Paul...fantasized that, like the two great prophets of the past, he had been called from his mother?s womb to be a preacher -- of course by God himself. So a tremendous self-confidence developed in Paul that exceeded even that of his pre-Christian period. This becomes even more remarkable the more one considers that this man from Tarsus never knew Jesus of Nazareth personally."
  • Rhetorical Identification in Paul's Autobiographical Narrative: Galatians 1.13 - 2.14, by Paul E. Koptak.
  • "Paul not only sought to strengthen his relationship with the Galatians through his autobiographical narrative, but that he used the depictions of relationships within the narrative to create a rhetorical community that the Galatians were forced either to join or reject. Thus to reject circumcision was to identify with the community of Paul and the Christ who sent him."


Commentary on Chapter Two
  • Commentary, Galatians 2:15-21, Alicia Vargas, at WorkingPreacher.org, Luther Seminary, 2016.
  • "The great theme of Paul's letter to the Galatians is Christian freedom."
  • The Center for Excellence in Preaching, resources from Calvin Theological Seminary: Comments & Observations, Textual Points, Illustration Ideas, 2016.
  • Pulpit Fiction, with podcast. Reflections of lectionary text, pop culture, current events, etc. Robb Mc Coy and Eric Fistler, 2016.
  • Commentary, Galatians 2:15-21 | Stephanie Dyrness-Lobdell | Co-Lead Pastor Mountain Home Church of the Nazarene | A Plain Account, 2016.
  • "We've all been there: the awkward dinner. Or maybe for you it was a breakfast. Either way, you know what I'm talking about. Perhaps the mix of people at the table was just not right."
  • Commentary, Galatians 2:15-21, Sarah Henrich, at WorkingPreacher.org, Luther Seminary, 2013.
  • "You need to see all these references in order to see that Paul has two different ways of speaking about pistis in relation to God's Messiah and humankind."
  • "Religious liberty for the Rest of Us," Anthony Hatcher, ON Scripture, Odyssey Networks, 2013.
  • Lectionary Greek, Rob Myallis, 2013.
  • The Experience of God's Gift, Andreew Prior, 2013.
  • "Theological Telephone Game," Michael Danner, The Hardest Question, 2013.
  • "Who is 'gentile' to your 'Jew'?"
  • "Paul," sermon discussion from Frederick Buechner, Frederick Buechner Blog.
  • "And how long was the whole great circus to last? Paul said, why, until we all become human beings at last, until we all 'come to maturity,' as he put it; and then, since there had been only one really human being since the world began, until we all make it to where we're like him, he said - 'to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ' (Ephesians 4:13). Christs to each other, Christs to God. All of us. Finally. It was just as easy, and just as hard, as that."
  • "Helping Ourselves?" Alan Brehm, The Waking Dreamer, 2013.
  • "Our fate ultimately rests not on our faith, which can come and go like the tides ebb and flow, but on the faithfulness of our God and of our Savior Jesus the Christ."
  • Commentary, Galatians 2:15-21, Jaime Clark-Soles, at WorkingPreacher.org, Luther Seminary, 2010.
  • "Our fate ultimately rests not on our faith, which can come and go like the tides ebb and flow, but on the faithfulness of our God and of our Savior Jesus the Christ."
  • "First Thoughts on Year C Epistle Passages in the Lectionary," Pentecost 4, William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia.
  • "Not everyone will find Paul's particular understanding of the achievement of Christ's death to be the best way to speak about the good news, but there can be no denying that with it he upholds what many would see as a central tenet of Christian faith: God offers a relationship of ongoing love to all without discrimination and that neither entry into this relationship nor continuing in it is dependent on qualifications based on race, gender, or levels of adherence even to biblical law (the latter puts him in conflict with most Jewish Christians and Jews of his time)."
  • Comments (commentary) and Clippings (technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican Diocese of Montreal.
  • Galatians 2:11-21, Opportunity to Do Good: The Letter to the Galatians, Craig Koester, Word & World Texts in Context, Luther Northwestern Theological Seminary, 1989.
  • "Paul Opposes Peter," "Saved by Faith," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources.
  • Kairos CoMotion Lectionary Discussion, Galatians 2:15-21, Wesley White. "A place of conversation regarding Progressive Christianity."
  • "It seems to be possible to be greedy for justification in the same way we can be greedy for a fruit of the spirit."
  • "Jesus Praying through Me," Dale Fletcher, Faith and Health Connection.
  • "Peter's Capitulation and Paul's Correction (Galatians 2:11-21)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • "The Ego and 'I': Galatians 2:19 in New Perspective," Scot McKnight, Word & World, 2000.
  • "Who 'died to the law' in Gal 2:19? Reading Galatians in the light of recent sociological interpretation suggests the 'I' of this text is the 'Ego' of Peter and Paul as Jewish Christians, not all who believe in Christ, as often assumed."
  • "Meals, Food and Tablefellowship." Jerome H. Neyrey, in The Social Sciences and New Testament Interpretation, 159-82. R. L. Rohrbaugh, ed. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1996.
  • "How can readers understand the particular ceremony of meals and table fellowship? Why are meals so important as symbols of broader social relationships? How can we peer below the surface and grasp the social dynamics encoded in meals and commensality, what anthropologists call "the language of meals"?"


Commentary on Chapter Three
  • Commentary, Galatians 3:23-39 (Pentecost 5C), Alicia Vargas, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2016.
  • "In our text for this week, Paul seeks among other things to situate the Jewish law in God's plan, God's timeline, vis-Ã -vis God's promise to Abraham and God's giving the gift ..."
  • The Center for Excellence in Preaching, resources from Calvin Theological Seminary: Comments & Observations, Textual Points, Illustration Ideas, 2016.
  • A Provisional Law, Faith Element, 2016. Podcast.
  • Pulpit Fiction, with podcast. Reflections of lectionary text, pop culture, current events, etc. Robb Mc Coy and Eric Fistler, 2016.
  • Commentary, Galatians 3:23-39 (Pentecost 5C), Sarah Henrich, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2013.
  • "Perhaps the preacher will find a way to imagine hugely and begin with small steps, holding both before the congregation that continues to believe that faith has indeed come and God's Holy Spirit is not yet finished with us."
  • "Female," "Racism," sermon discussion from Frederick Buechner, Frederick Buechner Blog.
  • Who Are Abraham's Heirs? Steve Godfrey, Church in the World, 2013.
  • Radical Gratitude, lectionary-based stewardship, Northwest United Methodist Foundation. (.pdf)
  • "The End of the Cosmos!" Andrew Prior, 2013.
  • "Based on the vocabulary, scholars think the words 'There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is no longer slave or free, there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus…' are an early Christian liturgy which Paul is reminding Galatia about, and reinterpreting."
  • "All Children of God," Alan Brehm, The Waking Dreamer, 2013.
  • "The God who created all things and all people, the God who called Abraham and Sarah for the benefit of all people, and the God who in Jesus Christ came to redeem all people, is the God who has chosen to love the whole human family."
  • Commentary, Galatians 3:23-39 (Pentecost 4C), Elisabeth Johnson, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2010.
  • "In Galatians 3, Paul makes an intricate exegetical argument about the priority of God's promise to Abraham and its fulfillment in Jesus Christ, and about the provisional function of the law in relation to God's promise."
  • "First Thoughts on Year C Epistle Passages in the Lectionary," Pentecost 5, William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia.
  • "Paul was declaring that you could leave large parts of the Bible aside and that you should see it as having its main meaning in what Jesus brought to us."
  • Comments (commentary) and Clippings (technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican Diocese of Montreal.
  • Commentary, Matthew 2:1-12; Galatians 3:23-38, Regina Langley, The African American Lectionary, 2009.
  • "The epiphany of Christ and our baptism in him is the death-nail on the head of a death-dealing kingdom and the ushering in of a new kingdom."
  • Galatians 3:23-29, Opportunity to Do Good: The Letter to the Galatians, Craig Koester, Word & World Texts in Context, Luther Northwestern Theological Seminary, 1989.
  • "From Curse to Blessing," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources.
  • "Expand the notion that justification and the 'promise of the Spirit' equally reveal the substance of the blessing."
  • "Belonging to Christ," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources. Includes detailed textual notes.
  • "The Broken Walls of Galatians 3:28," E. Louise Williams, Word & World, 2000.
  • "Galatians 3:19-25 as an Argument for God's Faithfulness: Reading Paul's Rhetoric in Light of His Strategy," L. Ann Jervis, Word & World, 2000.
  • "The Contribution of the Mosaic Covenant (Galatians 3:19-29)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • "The Gentile Galatians had been persuaded by the Judaizers that to be truly spiritual they must place themselves under the Law. Paul counters this by showing that if living under the Law is no longer necessary for the Jews, surely it is not required of the Gentiles either."
  • Environmental & earth-centered reflections from the Episcopal Diocese of Minnesota Environmental Stewardship Commission.
  • "In the wake of Christmas, then, the household of faith is freed from its self-preoccupations as it is sent forth into the world to participate in that grand process by which God works throughout Creation toward the energetic 'fullness of time.'"


Commentary for Chapter Four
  • Commentary, Galatians 4:4-7, Erik Heen, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2014.
  • "So insidious is Sin that even the good gifts of God, like the Law (Galations 3:21) or even the gospel, can be easily misused."
  • Pulpit Fiction, plus podcast. Reflections of lectionary text, pop culture, current events, etc. Robb Mc Coy and Eric Fistler, 2014.
  • "For Fear or For Love," Faith Element, 2014.
  • "Love Came Down," Alan Brehm, The Waking Dreamer.
  • "The Spirit that God pours into all our hearts is a Spirit of compassion. It is a Spirit that embraces us and makes us a part of a family defined by God's love. It is that compassion that gives us our meaning and purpose in this life."
  • Commentary, Galatians 4:4-7, Elisabeth Johnson, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2012.
  • "Our adoption as God's children means that there is absolutely no reason to return to a life of slavery."
  • "Born of a Woman," Lauren F. Winner, The Hardest Question, 2012.
  • "Lodged inside Paul's declaration of freedom and redemption to the Galatians, a mention of Mary. "
  • "Another World Is Possible," John Allen, Political Theology, 2012.
  • "Christ’s birth is the moment that God hitches the material world onto this liberative motion out of bondage."
  • Commentary, Galatians 4:4-7, Hans Weirsma, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2008.
  • ...there is no shortage of things we think we can do to make God accept us into the household of Christ: be good people, go to church, assent to the creeds, give our hearts to Jesus, and on and on and on. Here the task is anything but abstract. You expose all of the subtle and not-so-subtle ways your hearers attempt to gain the divine inheritance via obedience to the law...Then you hit them with the sweet gospel: 'God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under the law, in order to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as children.'"
  • "First Thoughts on Passages on Year B Epistle Passages in the Lectionary: Christmas 1," William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia, 2002.
  • Paul and others like him made a deliberate choice to make the relationship with Christ and through Christ with God the sole criterion for what mattered and to read the scriptures in that light."
  • Comments (commentary) and Clippings (technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican Diocese of Montreal.
  • "Christian Maturity," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources.
  • The danger in seeking an extra over what is already complete, involves not only the loss of spiritual maturity, but quite possibly the loss of salvation itself. To move from God's free grace, is to move from life to death."
  • "The Inferiority of Immaturity (Galatians 4:1-11)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • "While the Jews were no better than slaves under the economy of the Law (4:1), the Gentiles were truly slaves, in bondage to elementary principles. These elementary principles were somehow related to the false idol worship of ?no gods? (4:8; cf. 1 Cor. 12:2; Eph. 2:1-3). How foolish it would be for them to turn back to the ?elemental things,? which Paul here calls ?weak? and ?worthless? (4:9)."
  • Environmental & earth-centered reflections, Rev John Gibbs, from the Episcopal Diocese of Minnesota Environmental Stewardship Commission.
  • "In the wake of Christmas, then, the household of faith is freed from its self-preoccupations as it is sent forth into the world to participate in that grand process by which God works throughout Creation toward the energetic "fullness of time.""
  • Galatians 4:4-7, in Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary's An Exegetical Study of the Common Lectionary, coordinated by Prof. John E. Alsup, features rough translation, disposition, immediate context, broader context, hermeneutical bridge, and contemporary address.
  • "The center of theological gravity is found in God's primacy in the pericope. The other major concerns include Jesus" redeeming and our being God's children. The minor concerns include Christ's humanity and His Spirit's crying in our hearts. Then, the negative ideas contrasting what God has done for us in Christ cannot go unmentioned as elements worthy of consideration."


Commentary on Chapter Five
  • Commentary, Galatians 5:1, 13-25, Alicia Vargas, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2016.
  • "The first verse of our text for this week includes a reiteration of the great theme of Paul's letter to the Galatians: "For freedom Christ has set us free" (Galatians 5:1)."
  • The Center for Excellence in Preaching, resources from Calvin Theological Seminary: Comments & Observations, Textual Points, Illustration Ideas.
  • Pulpit Fiction, with podcast. Reflections of lectionary text, pop culture, current events, etc. Robb Mc Coy and Eric Fistler, 2016.
  • Commentary, Galatians 5:1, 13-25 | Ryan Leif Hansen | Lead Pastor, Blakemore Church of the Nazarene, Nashville, TN | A Plain Account, 2016
  • "Paul's letter to the Galatian churches is one long, angry, passionate, and life-giving argument regarding the expansiveness of God's saving work in Jesus and the resulting freedom of those who find themselves in Christ."
  • "Christian Freedom," Commented Bible Passages from Taize, 2010.
  • Commentary, Galatians 5:1, 13-25, Sarah Henrich, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2013.
  • "Do not look back to a world where supervision was necessary because we could not walk by the Spirit. Embrace your freedom to reject those values and ways. Live for one another, as God has lived for you."
  • "The Fruit of the Spirit," sermon discussion from Frederick Buechner, Frederick Buechner Blog.
  • "But if good works are not the cause of salvation, they are nonetheless the mark and effect of it. If the forgiven man does not become forgiving, the loved man loving, then he is only deceiving himself."
  • "From Whence Comes Character?" Steve Godfrey, Church in the World, 2013.
  • "Christianity is not a constricting undergarment. Instead, it is an invitation to freedom from the pull of corrupted character."
  • "The Politics of Galatians 5:16-26," Tom Williams, Political Theology, 2013.
  • "Paul," sermon discussion from Frederick Buechner, Frederick Buechner Blog.
  • "And how long was the whole great circus to last? Paul said, why, until we all become human beings at last, until we all 'come to maturity,' as he put it; and then, since there had been only one really human being since the world began, until we all make it to where we're like him, he said - 'to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ' (Ephesians 4:13). Christs to each other, Christs to God. All of us. Finally. It was just as easy, and just as hard, as that."
  • It's Not About You! Andrew Prior, One Man's Web, 2013.
  • "How adequate or useful today is Paul's imagining of what is going on in our communal life as a church?"
  • "Love Means...," Alan Brehm, The Waking Dreamer, 2013.
  • "The only way to truly find freedom is to give yourself away in love, and the only way to truly give yourself away in love is when you are free. St. Augustine said it this way :'love, and do what you will.'"
  • Radical Gratitude, lectionary-based stewardship, Northwest United Methodist Foundation. (.pdf)
  • Commentary, Galatians 5:1, 13-25, Elisabeth Johnson, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2010.
  • "Resisting the Yoke of Slavery..."
  • "First Thoughts on Year C Epistle Passages in the Lectionary," Pentecost 6,William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia.
  • "Religion can damage people. It can also make them well. Paul sees that clearly and is not willing to accommodate such abuse in the name of not rocking the boat."
  • Comments (commentary) and Clippings (technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican Diocese of Montreal.
  • "Freedom and Obedience," Jake Wilson, The Ekklesia Project, 2010.
  • "In contrast to the destructive works of flesh, the freedom to be Church is sustained by the fruit of the Holy Spirit. Love, joy, peace, patience?these are the marks of individuals and communities who live in the freedom that only God can offer."
  • Lectionary Commentary, Galatians 5:16-24, Aubra Love, The African American Commentary, 2010.
  • "To avoid 'devouring one another' (5:15) requires personal responsibility, restraint and stewardship of care for one another."
  • Lectionary Commentary, Galatians 5:1-13, Sherman H. Cox, II, The African American Commentary, 2009.
  • "We may have gotten sidetracked in our Christian walk?enticed and misguided, in part from being miseducated. We may have bought into one or another lie promising freedom, yet keeping us in bondage. The good news is, however, freedom is still at hand and available."
  • Galatians 5:1, 13-26, Opportunity to Do Good: The Letter to the Galatians, Craig Koester, Word & World Texts in Context, Luther Northwestern Theological Seminary, 1989.
  • Kairos CoMotion Lectionary Discussion, Galatians 5:1, 13-25, "A place of conversation regarding Progressive Christianity."
  • "Now, think about what it would mean in your life to live freedom without all its current patriotic trimmings."
  • "Contrasts of the Gospel," "For Freedom Christ Has Set Us Free," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources. Includes detailed textual notes.
  • "The Goal of the Gospel (Galatians 5:1-12)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • "The War Without and the War Within - Part 1 (Galatians 5:13-26)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • "The War Without and the War Within - Part 2 (Galatians 5:13-26)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • Circumcision: "Sign of the Covenant," from And Adam Knew Eve: A Dictionary of Sex in the Bible by Ronald L. Ecker.Articles & Background:"The Strivings of the Flesh: Galatians 5:17," J. Kilgallen, Biblica 80 (1999). Abstract.
  • "Galatians 5,17 can be read in such wise that 17d is related directly, not to 17c, but to 17a; in this scheme 17b and 17c are a parenthesis. By this syntactical adjustment, what was often a puzzling reading, that the struggle between flesh and spirit leaves a Christian unable to do the good he desires, is resolved."
  • "The Poetry of the Spirit: Willing and Doing in Galatians 5 and 6," James L. Boyce, Word & World, 2000.
  • "The Right Things You Want to Do: A Note on Galatians 5:17d," J. Lambrecht, Biblica 79 (1998), 515-524.
  • "Abraham and His Offspring: A Comparison of Galatians 5:1 with 3:13," J. Lambrecht, Biblica 80 (1999), 525-536.
  • "Abraham?s faith was already, by way of anticipation, Christian faith. Moreover, "those of faith" in 3,7 and 9 implicitly are believers in Christ. This also applies to 4,26. The children of "the Jerusalem above" are free because they belong to Christ, even if in v. 26 this is not (yet) explicitly stated. Therefore, a seemingly brusque transition from the Abraham text or the allegory to Christ should not disturb the reader too much."
  • "Minjung and Power: A Biblical and Theological Perspective on Doularchy(Servanthood)," Kim Yong-Bock, at Religion OnLine.
  • "When the Sovereignty of God is not recognized by the earthly authorities, the powers become sovereign by themselves, and thus ultimately deny the sovereignty of the Minjung, suppressing and subjugating them."


Commentary on Chapter Six
  • Commentary, Galatians 6:[1-6]7-16, Alicia Vargas, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2013.
  • "The specific verses from our pericope for this week upon which we will focus is one of a cluster of three texts found scattered throughout Paul's letter to the Galatians, which may profitably be considered, ..."
  • The Center for Excellence in Preaching, resources from Calvin Theological Seminary: Comments & Observations, Textual Points, Illustration Ideas, 2016.
  • Commentary, Galatians 6: (1-6), 7-16 | Robert Doyle Smith | PhD Professor of Theology, Olivet Nazarene University | A Plain Account, 2016
  • "In closing remarks found in v. 11-16, Paul restates his main theme that one is a Christian because of the grace of God and not through one's efforts or status. Yet, for a tradition that emphasizes salvation by faith through grace Paul often calls believers to action."
  • Pulpit Fiction, with podcast. Reflections of lectionary text, pop culture, current events, etc. Robb Mc Coy and Eric Fistler, 2016.
  • Commentary, Galatians 6:[1-6]7-16, Sarah Henrich, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2013.
  • "In listening, in surprise, in hospitality for a moment we catch a richer glimpse of God's reality and find the energy of the Spirit, lest we grow weary."
  • "Fighting for Freedom," Rev. Stephanie Buckhanon Crowder, ON Scripture, Odyssey Networks, 2013.
  • "The Israel of God," Steeve Godfrey, Church in the World, 2013.
  • Radical Gratitude, lectionary-based stewardship, Northwest United Methodist Foundation. (.pdf)
  • The Lectionary Lab, Pentecost +7, the Rev'ds Dr. John Fairless and Delmer Chilton (aka "Two Bubbas and a Bible"), 2013. Lectionary Lab Live podcast.
  • Lectionary Greek, Rob Myallis, 2013.
  • "What Can I Do?" Alan Brehm, The Waking Dreamer, 2013.
  • "Political Paul and the Foreskin Follies," Mark Stenberg, The Hardest Question, 2013.
  • "It's the new golden age of preaching."
  • The High Path, Andrew Prior, 2013.
  • Commentary, Galatians 6:[1-6]7-16, Elisabeth Johnson, Preaching This Week, WorkingPreacher.org, 2010.
  • "The time remaining before the final judgment is not a time for growing lax or 'weary in doing what is right.' It is rather an opportune time (kairos) for working for the good of all, so that the eschatological harvest will be even greater (Gal 6:9-10)."
  • "First Thoughts on Year C Epistle Passages in the Lectionary," Pentecost 7 William Loader, Murdoch University, Uniting Church in Australia.
  • "Ultimately, for Paul, love gets to the detail and teaches us what to do with it. It tilts us out of old grooves, whether they are habits of greed or biblically sanctioned requirements such as the law about circumcising Gentiles. Thus Paul's understanding of peace and love is radical and confronting and always focused on life and renewal."
  • Comments (commentary) and Clippings (technical notes for in-depth study), Chris Haslam, Anglican Diocese of Montreal.
  • "Three Funerals and a Wedding," Doug Lee, The Ekklesia Project, 2010.
  • "Three deaths have occurred. But in the end, Christ, his people, and a new creation will be married, sharing resurrection life, together in perfect communion."
  • Galatians 6:1-10, 14-16, Opportunity to Do Good: The Letter to the Galatians, Craig Koester, Word & World Texts in Context, Luther Northwestern Theological Seminary, 1989.
  • "Helping and Loving," "Being a New Creation," Rev. Bryan Findlayson, Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons, Pumpkin Cottage Ministry Resources.
  • "Discuss forgiveness in terms of acceptance."
  • Kairos CoMotion Lectionary Discussion, Galatians 6:1-16, Wesley White. "A place of conversation regarding Progressive Christianity."
  • "Work for the good of all. Why? Because the cosmic payoff is worth it - a new creation."
  • "Bearing Burdens: How One Sinner Relates to the Sin of Another (Galatians 6:1-5)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • "Legalists have the uncanny ability of applying the law more harshly toward others than toward themselves."
  • "Sowing and Reaping (Galatians 6:6-18)," by Robert L. Deffinbaugh at the Biblical Studies Foundation.
  • "Paul had the ability to differentiate between his personal convictions and the principles of the Word of God."
  • "Peace and Mercy Upon the Israel of God: The Old Testament Background of Galatians 6:16b," G.K. Beale, Biblica 80 (1999). Abstract.
  • "This essay has contended that Paul?s reference to "new creation" and the pronouncement of "peace and mercy" on the readers in Gal 6,15-16 is best understood against the background of Isa 54,10 and the surrounding context of similar new creation themes elsewhere in Isa 32?66, which are echoed also earlier in Galatians, especially in 5,22-26."

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